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Caffeine Supplementation and Reactive Agility in Elite Youth Soccer Players

Ajit Korgaokar

Pediatric Exercise Science, 2014

This study examined the effects of caffeine supplementation (6 mg·kg−1) on performance of a reactive agility test (RAT) in 17 elite, male, youth (M = 14 y) soccer players. Using a double-blind, repeated-measures design, players completed 4 days of testing on the RAT after a standardized warm-up. On day 1, anthropometric measurements were taken and players were accommodated to the RAT. On day 2, baseline performance was established. Caffeine or placebo conditions were randomly assigned on day 3 and the condition was reversed on day 4. Players completed 3 randomized trials of the RAT on days 2, 3, and 4 with at least 1 trial to the players’ dominant and nondominant sides. There were no significant differences among conditions in reaction time (RT) to the dominant side, heart rates at any point of measurement, or ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) after completion of the warm-up. Caffeine produced faster RT to the nondominant side (P = .041) and higher RPE at the conclusion of the RAT...

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Effects of Different Doses of Caffeine Supplementation on Collegiate Male Volleyball Players’ Specific Performance and Skills: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study

mohammad hemmatinafar

Nutrients

Background: The improvement of performance and skill indices of volleyball players can affect their success rate. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute caffeine supplementation of varied doses on collegiate volleyball players’ specific performance and skills. Method: This research was a randomized, double-blind, crossover design study in which 15 male volleyball players aged 18 to 25 years participated voluntarily. Participants were randomly placed in three different conditions, including 3 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight (C3), 6 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body weight (C6), and a placebo (PLA) with a one-week wash-out period between exercise trials. The supplement was taken 60 min before each exercise session. Ball throwing, hand movement speed, agility, Sargent’s jump and handgrip, and attacking and serving skill tests were measured and analyzed to check the performance and skill of the volleyball players. Results: This study showed a si...

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Exploring The Effects Of Caffeine On The Sprint Performance Of University Football Players

Dr Muhammad Zafar Iqbal I Q B A L Butt

Caffeine has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system, which can reduce fatigue and drowsiness. In addition, it has been shown to improve sports performance. In this current study, researchers used a randomized, placebo-controlled single-blind parallel groups trial to investigate the effects of caffeine on the sprint performance of male university football players aged 18 to 25 years in the Multan zone of South Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 120 players were divided into four groups of 30 each, with each group receiving a different dose of caffeine in capsule form. Group A received 3 mgkg-1 , Group B received 6 mg-kg-1 and Group C received 9 mg-kg-1 , while Group D was given a placebo 0mg-kg-1. Sprint performance were measured through 20m Sprint test before and after the administration of caffeine and data analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism version 6.0 software, with statistical tests like paired sample ''t''-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation being applied to determine the relationship of each dose of caffeine on sprint performance. In our study, all three study groups 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg-1 presented conspicuous effects of caffeine on the 20-m sprint test. Overall results of this study showed that high doses 9 mg/kg-1 had prominent effects on the Sprint performance of university football players. Pearson correlation coefficient results showed that there was a positive significant correlation between Group B 6mg Pre and Group C 9mg Post. Moreover, high doses of caffeine do more to improve the sprint performance of university football players.

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Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Physical Performance in Elite Women Handball Players: A Randomized, Controlled Study

Pablo González-Frutos

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effects of acute caffeine (CAFF) intake on physical performance in elite women handball players. Methods: A total of 15 elite women handball players participated in a randomized, double-blind study. In 2 different trials, participants ingested either a placebo (cellulose) or 3 mg of CAFF per kilogram of body mass (mg/kg bm) before undergoing a battery of neuromuscular tests consisting of handball throws, an isometric handgrip strength test, a countermovement jump, a 30-m sprint test (SV) and a modified version of the agility T test. Then, participants performed a simulated handball game (2 × 20 min), and movement patterns were recorded with a local positioning system. Results: Compared with the placebo, CAFF increased ball velocity in all ball throws (P = .021–.044; effect size [ES] = 0.39–0.49), strength in isometric handgrip strength test (350.8 [41.2] vs 361.6 [46.1] N, P = .034; ES = 0.35), and countermovement-jump height (28.5 [5.5] vs 29.8 [5.5] cm;...

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The Effect of Caffeine on Athletic Performance

BJSTR Angela Roy

BJSTR, 2022

The intake of caffeine can increase physical performance during athletic activity. Methods: A search for primary sources was done using PubMed with MeSH terms. The search was limited to randomized controlled trials that were published between 2015 and 2020. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven articles were selected for this literature review. Results: Of the seven randomized controlled trials selected, six demonstrated caffeine ingestion led to a statistically significant increase in physical performance. One of the randomized controlled trials found no statistically significant relationship between caffeine and run timings. Major findings and results of the studies were stated and contrasted against each other. Conclusion: With regards to the results of the selected studies, caffeine was shown to have ergogenic activity and was able to increase physical performance during exercise and sporting competition through multiple mechanisms. Further research should be done with greater sample sizes to determine the effect of rate of metabolism on caffeine activity and to compare caffeine responders and non-responders.

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Caffeine and sports performance

Louise Burke

Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2008

Athletes are among the groups of people who are interested in the effects of caffeine on endurance and exercise capacity. Although many studies have investigated the effect of caffeine ingestion on exercise, not all are suited to draw conclusions regarding caffeine and sports performance. Characteristics of studies that can better explore the issues of athletes include the use of well-trained subjects, conditions that reflect actual practices in sport, and exercise protocols that simulate real-life events. There is a scarcity of field-based studies and investigations involving elite performers. Researchers are encouraged to use statistical analyses that consider the magnitude of changes, and to establish whether these are meaningful to the outcome of sport. The available literature that follows such guidelines suggests that performance benefits can be seen with moderate amounts (~3 mg·kg–1 body mass) of caffeine. Furthermore, these benefits are likely to occur across a range of spor...

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The examination of the effect of caffeine supplementation in professional soccer players

ZEKİ TAŞ

Physical education of students, 2019

Purpose: In this study, the effects of caffeine supplementation in professional soccer players on the Hoff and sprint tests were examined. Material: 11 professional soccer players participated in this study in line with this purpose (Xage=20.636). The Hoff and sprint tests were applied 3 times at 1 week intervals. In each of these practices, caffeine added water was performed on the participants in the first week, and placebo was performed in the second week. In the third week, the participants were tested without any additional supplement. This practice lasted 3 weeks. Caffeine supplementation was given to each participant with the amount of 6 mg / kg in 200 ml water 1 hour before the tests, and placebo supplementation in 200 ml water was given 1 hour before the tests. The soccer players did the hoff test and sprint test respectively after 20 minutes of warming period. Results: Following Wilcoxon signed-ranks analysis, it was found that caffeine supplementation and placebo applicat...

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The Effect of Caffeine use at Different Times on Vertical Jump and Long Jump Performance in Elite Male Athletes

Doç. Dr. EMRE SERİN

This study was designed to determine whether caffeine supplementation applied at different times has an effect on vertical jump and long jump performance. Method: The study group consists of a total of 30 healthy and volunteer elite male athletes. Caffeine supplementation was applied to the elite athletes participating in the study in two separate periods, and three groups were randomly formed as the first group (Experiment 1), the second group (Experiment 2), and the no application (Placebo) group. Athletes in the (Experimental 1) group were given caffeine supplementation, 60 minutes before the measurements, and the athletes in the (Experiment 2) group were given 6 mg/kg powdered caffeine supplement, mixed with 250 ml of water, 120 minutes before the measurements. Only water was administered to the (placebo) group. In the study, the smart speed lite system was used to determine the vertical jump, and the standing long jump test protocols were used to determine the long jump. Differences between groups were determined by using a post-hoc LSD test together with the one-way analysis of variance in (One-Way-ANOVA-post-hoc LSD) in accordance with the experimental design of the study. Results: Considering the vertical jump and long jump pre-test post-test performances of the participants, there was a general increase in all groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the posttest-pretest difference scores of vertical jump and standing long jump performance values (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both results were found to have low effect size values.

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The Effect of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Tactical Performance of Professional Soccer Players

Rodrigo Aquino

Nutrients

In soccer, physical, tactical, and decision-making processes are highly important facets of successful performance. Caffeine has well established effects for promoting both physical and cognitive performance, but the translation of such benefits specifically for soccer match play is not well established. This study examined the effects of acute caffeine ingestion on tactical performance during small-sided games (SSG) in professional soccer players. Nineteen soccer players (22 ± 4 years) underwent a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The protocol consisted of 5 bouts of 5-min SSG with 3 players plus a goalkeeper in each team (3 + GK × 3 + GK) with each SSG separated by 1 min rest intervals. Tactical performance was assessed using the system of tactical assessment in soccer (FUT-SAT). Prior to each experimental trial, participants ingested caffeine (5 mg·kg−1) or a placebo 60 min before the protocol. Overall, caffeine ingestion resulted in a...

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Acute effects of caffeine intake on athletic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Tiago Leite

Revista chilena de nutrición

ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES INTRODUCTION Athletes are always looking for legal ergogenic aids to increase their performance. Ergogenic aids are substances, techniques, or sports equipment that improve sports performance 1. Among legal nutritional ergogenic resources, we highlight caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), which is one of the most used ergogenic aids by athletes 1-3. Del Coso et al. 1 evaluated 20,686 urine samples from athletes of different sports (i.e., handball, triathlon, cycling, rowing, athletics (track and fiels), volleyball, soccer, and swimming) between 2004 and 2008. They found that 26.2% of the athletes presented blood caffeine levels below 0.1 µg.ml-1 (limit of detection), 67.3% had below 5 µg.ml-1, and only 0.6% exceeded the threshold of 12 µg.ml-1 (i.e., value considered as doping between 1985 and 2004). Following its 2004 removal from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List, caffeine can be considered safe, effective, and legal when used according to established and practiced protocols. The prevalence of caffeine intake by athletes before and during competition is high, with the substance obtained from various sources, such as energy drinks, energy gels, and tablets, carbonated sodas, and coffee 2. In previous studies, caffeine doses commonly range from 3 (low) 4 , 6 (moderate) 5 , and 10 (high) 26 mg/kg of body weight when Acute effects of caffeine intake on athletic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis Efectos agudos de la ingesta de cafeína en el rendimiento atlético: Una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

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Effect of Caffeine Supplementation on Sports Performance Based on Differences Between Sexes: A Systematic Review

Julio Calleja-González

Nutrients

Most studies that have shown the positive effects of caffeine supplementation on sports performance have been carried out on men. However, the differences between sexes are evident in terms of body size, body composition, and hormonal functioning, which might cause different outcomes on performance for the same dosage of caffeine intake in men vs. women. The main aim of this systematic review was to analyze and compare the effects of caffeine intake between men and women on sports performance to provide a source of knowledge to sports practitioners and coaches, especially for those working with women athletes, on the use of caffeine as an ergogenic aid. A structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases until 28 July 2019. The search included studies in which the effects of caffeine supplementation on athletic performance were compared be...

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International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and performance

Lem Taylor

Journal of The International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2010

Position Statement: The position of The Society regarding caffeine supplementation and sport performance is summarized by the following seven points: 1.) Caffeine is effective for enhancing sport performance in trained athletes when consumed in low-to-moderate dosages (~3-6 mg/kg) and overall does not result in further enhancement in performance when consumed in higher dosages (≥ 9 mg/kg). 2.) Caffeine exerts a greater ergogenic effect when consumed in an anhydrous state as compared to coffee. 3.) It has been shown that caffeine can enhance vigilance during bouts of extended exhaustive exercise, as well as periods of sustained sleep deprivation. 4.) Caffeine is ergogenic for sustained maximal endurance exercise, and has been shown to be highly effective for time-trial performance. 5.) Caffeine supplementation is beneficial for high-intensity exercise, including team sports such as soccer and rugby, both of which are categorized by intermittent activity within a period of prolonged duration. 6.) The literature is equivocal when considering the effects of caffeine supplementation on strength-power performance, and additional research in this area is warranted. 7.) The scientific literature does not support caffeine-induced diuresis during exercise, or any harmful change in fluid balance that would negatively affect performance.

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Caffeine Supplementation and Physical Performance, Muscle Damage and Perception of Fatigue in Soccer Players: A Systematic Review

Patxi León Guereño

Nutrients

Soccer is a complex team sport and success in this discipline depends on different factors such as physical fitness, player technique and team tactics, among others. In the last few years, several studies have described the impact of caffeine intake on soccer physical performance, but the results of these investigations have not been properly reviewed and summarized. The main objective of this review was to evaluate critically the effectiveness of a moderate dose of caffeine on soccer physical performance. A structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the Medline/PubMed and Web of Science databases from January 2007 to November 2018. The search included studies with a cross-over and randomized experimental design in which the intake of caffeine (either from caffeinated drinks or pills) was compared to an identical placebo situation. There were no filters applied to the soccer players’ level,...

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Effects of a Caffeine-Containing Energy Drink on Simulated Soccer Performance

Juan Camilo Novoa Ortega

PLoS ONE, 2012

Background: To investigate the effects of a caffeine-containing energy drink on soccer performance during a simulated game. A second purpose was to assess the post-exercise urine caffeine concentration derived from the energy drink intake. Methodology/Principal Findings: Nineteen semiprofessional soccer players ingested 630652 mL of a commercially available energy drink (sugar-free Red BullH) to provide 3 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass, or a decaffeinated control drink (0 mg/kg). After sixty minutes they performed a 15-s maximal jump test, a repeated sprint test (7630 m; 30 s of active recovery) and played a simulated soccer game. Individual running distance and speed during the game were measured using global positioning satellite (GPS) devices. In comparison to the control drink, the ingestion of the energy drink increased mean jump height in the jump test (34.764.7 v 35.865.5 cm; P,0.05), mean running speed during the sprint test (25.662.1 v 26.361.8 km ? h 21 ; P,0.05) and total distance covered at a speed higher than 13 km ? h 21 during the game (12056289 v 14366326 m; P,0.05). In addition, the energy drink increased the number of sprints during the whole game (30610 v 2468; P,0.05). Post-exercise urine caffeine concentration was higher after the energy drink than after the control drink (4.161.0 v 0.160.1 mg ? mL 21 ; P,0.05). Conclusions/significance: A caffeine-containing energy drink in a dose equivalent to 3 mg/kg increased the ability to repeatedly sprint and the distance covered at high intensity during a simulated soccer game. In addition, the caffeinated energy drink increased jump height which may represent a meaningful improvement for headers or when players are competing for a ball.

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The influence of caffeine ingestion on strength and power performance in female team-sport players

Ajmol Ali

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2016

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of caffeine supplementation on knee flexor and knee extensor strength before, during and after intermittent running exercise in female team-sport players taking oral contraceptive steroids (OCS). Ten healthy females (24 ± 4 years; 59.7 ± 3.5 kg; undertaking 2-6 training sessions per week) taking low-dose monophasic oral contraceptives of the same hormonal composition took part in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover-design trial. Sixty minutes following the ingestion of a capsule containing 6 mg∙kg(-1) body mass anhydrous caffeine or artificial sweetener (placebo), participants completed a 90-min intermittent treadmill-running protocol. Isometric strength performance and eccentric and concentric strength and power of the knee flexors and knee extensors (using isokinetic dynamometer), as well as countermovement jump (CMJ), was measured before, during and after the exercise protocol, as well as ~12 h post-exercise....

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Effects of Caffeine on Agility Tests on One Women's Collegiate Volleyball Team

Eric Dick

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers' Association

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine on agility tests (3-step approach,2-hand vertical leap,5-10-5 drill) on a women’s collegiate volleyball team at one Division III institution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Vertical jump measuring device measured 3-step approach and 2-hand vertical leap measurements. A stopwatch measured the 5-10-5 drill.

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Acute caffeine supplementation promotes small to moderate improvements in performance tests indicative of in-game success in professional female basketball players

Ratko Stankovic

Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute caffeine supplementation on anaerobic performance in professional female basketball players. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, experimental design was used in a randomized counterbalanced manner. In separate sessions, 10 professional basketball players ingested caffeine (3 mg/kg body mass) or a placebo (dextrose: 3 mg/kg body mass) 60 min before completing countermovement jumps (CMJ) with and without arm swing, a squat jump (SJ), the Lane Agility Drill, 20-m sprints (with 5-m and 10-m split times recorded) with and without dribbling a ball, and a suicide run. Participants provided ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and ratings of perceived performance 30 min following testing. Data analyses included the use of effect size (ES) and significance. Caffeine supplementation produced small nonsignificant (p > 0.05) increases in CMJ without arm swing (ES = 0.30), CMJ with arm swing (ES = 0.29), SJ (ES = 0.33), and the lane ag...

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Caffeine supplementation does not affect match activities and fatigue resistance during match play in young football players

Peter Krustrup

Journal of sports sciences, 2014

The study examined the effect of caffeine supplementation on match activities and development of fatigue during a football match. In a randomised, double-blind cross-over design, two experimental football games separated by 7 days were organised between the junior teams of two professional football clubs (17.6 ± 1.1 years (±s), 71.7 ± 6.9 kg, 13.9% ± 5.0% body fat). The players ingested either a capsule of 6 mg · kg(-1) b.w. caffeine or placebo (dextrose) 65 min prior to the matches. Match activities were assessed using the ZXY match analysis system, and a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test-level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) was conducted immediately post-game. Heart rate was monitored throughout the game, and blood samples were obtained at baseline, half-time and after the game. There were no differences between caffeine and placebo regarding total distance covered (10,062 ± 916 vs 9854 ± 901 m), high-intensity running (557 ± 178 vs 642 ± 240 m), sprinting distance (109 ± 58 vs 112 ± 69 m) or accel...

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