欧博abgMeet Mars
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ESA / Science & Exploration / Human and Robotic Exploration / Exploration / ExoMars
Quick-look facts about the Red Planet
Diameter: 6794 km (about half the diameter of Earth)
Surface area: 145 million sq km (about the same as Earth’s land area)
Gravity: 3.711 m/s2 (about one third of Earth’s gravity)
Density: 3.93 g/cm3 (Earth: 5.51 g/cm3)
Average distance from the Sun: 227 940 000 km (1.52 times that of Earth)
Martian day (a ‘sol’): 24 hours 37 minutes
Martian year: 669 sols or 687 Earth days
Average temperature: –55ºC (from –133ºC at the winter pole to +27ºC during summer)
Atmosphere: 96% carbon dioxide, 1.9% nitrogen, 1.9% argon, 0.2% trace gases
Atmospheric pressure at the surface: 6.35 mbar (less than one hundredth of Earth’s atmospheric pressure)
Moons:
Phobos: 27 x 22 x 18 km; ~6000 km above Mars;
Deimos: 15 x 12 x 11 km; ~20 000 km above Mars
Geological time:
Pre-Noachian: (4.5–4.1 billion years ago)
Noachian (4.1–3.7 billion years ago)
Hesperian (3.7–2.9 billion years ago)
Amazonian (2.9 billion years ago to present)
More about...
Mars geological time
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European Space Agency