欧博abgWhat is cortisol, and how does it affect the
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April 21, 2025
Cortisol is a hormone that helps keep your body in balance. But when levels are off, it can cause health problems.
Your body naturally releases cortisol in response to stress, helping regulate blood pressure, blood sugar and energy use. But if stress lasts too long, cortisol levels can stay high, which may lead to mental health issues, weight gain and trouble sleeping.
“Cortisol is a steroid hormone made by your adrenal glands, located on top of your kidneys,” says Chloe Condrey, PA-C. “It plays a key role in how your body stores and uses energy—especially during stressful times.”
What are signs of a cortisol problem?Most people have normal cortisol levels, but when they get too high or too low, the symptoms can seriously affect your quality of life.
Signs of high cortisol:
Signs of low cortisol:
Ongoing tiredness or fatigue.
Unexplained weight loss.
Salt cravings.
Nausea, vomiting or poor appetite.
Darkened patches of skin (hyperpigmentation).
Muscle aches or joint pain.
Should you get tested?“Cortisol tests aren’t typically part of regular checkups, but your doctor may order one if you have multiple convincing symptoms,” says Condrey.
Common cortisol tests include:
If results are abnormal, your doctor may refer you to an endocrinologist, a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats disorders related to the endocrine system, for further testing. Insurance coverage for testing depends on your plan and medical need.
Can you lower cortisol naturally?Maintaining the following healthy habits can help regulate cortisol levels:
Eating a well-balanced diet and avoiding blood sugar spikes.
Managing stress.
Staying active.
Getting enough quality sleep.
Some studies also suggest that supplements such as ashwagandha, ginseng, magnesium and vitamin C may support healthy cortisol levels. However, research is limited. It’s best to talk with your doctor before starting anything new.
The bottom line“Although cortisol-related conditions are rare, the hormone still plays an essential role in your overall health,” explains Condrey. “If you’ve been feeling off and can’t explain why, it’s a good idea to talk to your doctor about your symptoms.”
Have questions about cortisol or want to discuss your symptoms?
Schedule a primary care appointment online or call 800.922.0000.